"The Episode of Yvain, the Lion, and the Serpent in Chrétien de Troies". "The Rôle of the Lion in Chretien de Troyes' Yvain". "Celtic Tradition and Psychological Truth in Chretien s 'Chevalier au Lion' ". Publications of the Modern Language Association of America. Lacy, The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, pp. 88–91. Chrétien de Troyes Raffel, Burton (translator) (1987).In Chrétien de Troyes Burton Raffel, Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, pp.
In each of five chapters she considers how distinct social identities for the knight seem to have dominated the way in which individual texts of Chretien's poems were illustrated, read, and understood." McIlwain: "She uses the motif of the knight, the profession common to all of Chretien's protagonists, to track this change. Rereadings of Knighthood in the Illuminated Manuscripts of Chretien de Troyes. 1200, depicts a version of the Yvain story with a carving of a knight slaying a dragon that threatens a lion the lion is later shown wearing a rich collar and following the knight, and later still the lion appears to be lying on the grave of the knight. The poem was translated into a number of languages, including the Middle English Ywain and Gawain the Old Norwegian Chivaldric Ívens saga, and the Old Swedish Herr Ivan. German poet Hartmann von Aue used it as the basis for his masterpiece Iwein, and the author of Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain, one of the Welsh Romances included in the Mabinogion, recast the work back into its Welsh setting. Yvain had a huge impact on the literary world. Other narrative motifs in Yvain have been convincingly traced to early Celtic lore. The name of the main character Yvain, at least, ultimately harks back to the name of the historical Owain mab Urien (fl. Jocelyn states that he rewrote the 'life' from an earlier Glasgow legend and an old Gaelic document, so that some elements of the story may originate in a British tradition. 1185, and is thus slightly younger than Chrétien's text, but not influenced by it. The Life was written by Jocelyn of Furness in c. The first modern edition was published in 1887 by Wendelin Förster.Ĭhrétien's source for the poem is unknown, but the story bears a number of similarities to the hagiographical Life of Saint Mungo (also known as Saint Kentigern), which claims Owain mab Urien as the father of the saint by Denw, daughter of Lot of Lothian. Hindman (1994) discusses these illustrations as reflecting the development of the role of the knight, or the youthful knight-errant, during the transitional period from the high to the late medieval period. 1295), the former incomplete with seven remaining miniatures and the latter with ten. 1433 and Princeton University Library Garrett MS 125 (c. Two manuscripts are illustrated, Paris BnF MS fr. It comprises 6,808 octosyllables in rhymed couplets. It survives in eight manuscripts and two fragments. Yvain, the Knight of the Lion was written by Chrétien de Troyes in Old French, simultaneously with his Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart, between 11. The opening lines of the Welsh version, Owain (pre 1382) from Jesus College, Oxford (MS 111).
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